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Diplomatic- Pragmatic Korea and Northeast Asia The de-escalation of tensions between Japan and South Korea in 2020 has renewed focus on economic cooperation. Despite the fact that the dispute over travel restrictions has been rejected by the government, bilateral economic initiatives have continued or expanded. Brown (2013) pioneered the recording of pragmatic resistance in L2 Korean learners. His study found that a myriad of factors, including identity and personal beliefs, can influence a learner's pragmatic choices. The role of pragmatism South Korea's foreign policy In this time of uncertainty and changes, South Korea's Foreign Policy needs to be clear and bold. It should be ready to defend its values and promote global public good, such as climate changes sustainable development, sustainable development, and maritime security. It must also be able to project its influence internationally by delivering tangible benefits. It must, however, do so without compromising the stability of its economy. This is an extremely difficult task. South Korea's foreign policies are affected by domestic politics. It is essential that the government of the country can manage the domestic obstacles to build public trust in the direction and accountability of foreign policies. It's not an easy task, because the structures that facilitate foreign policy formation are diverse and complicated. This article examines the challenges of managing these domestic constraints to develop a cohesive foreign policy. South Korea will likely benefit from the current government's focus on a pragmatic relationship with allies and partners that have the same values. This strategy can help in resolving the progressive attacks on GPS' values-based basis and allow Seoul to interact with non-democratic nations. It could also help strengthen its relationship with the United States, which remains an essential partner in the advancement of the liberal democratic world order. Seoul's complicated relationship with China – the country's biggest trading partner – is another problem. The Yoon administration has made significant progress in building multilateral security structures like the Quad. However it must balance this commitment with the need to maintain economic relations with Beijing. Long-time observers of Korean politics have pointed to regionalism and ideology as the primary factors in political debate, younger voters seem less inclined to this outlook. This new generation is also more diverse, and its worldview and values are evolving. This is evident in the recent rise of K-pop, as well as the increasing global appeal of its culture exports. It is too early to know if these factors will shape the future of South Korea's foreign policy. They are worth watching. South Korea's pragmatic and diplomatic approach to North Korea South Korea faces a delicate balance between the need to confront threats from rogue states and the desire to stay out of being drawn into power games among its major neighbors. It also needs to consider the trade-offs between values and interests, especially when it comes to assisting human rights activists and interacting with nondemocracies. In this regard the Yoon administration's diplomatic-pragmatic attitude towards North Korea is a significant contrast to previous administrations. As one of the most active pivotal states, South Korea must strive for multilateral cooperation as a means of positioning itself within a global and regional security network. In the first two years of office, the Yoon administration has proactively strengthened relations with democratic allies and increased participation in minilateral and multilateral forums. These initiatives include the Korea-Pacific Islands Summit and the Second Asia-Pacific Summit for Democracy. These efforts may seem like incremental steps however they have enabled Seoul to leverage its newly formed alliances to advance its views on regional and global issues. For example the 2023 Summit for Democracy emphasized the importance of democratic practice and reform to address challenges such as corruption, digital transformation and transparency. The summit also announced the execution of $100 million worth of development cooperation projects to promote democracy, such as e-governance and anti-corruption efforts. In addition to that, the Yoon government has proactively engaged with other countries and organizations with similar values and priorities to further support its vision of an international security network. These countries and organizations include the United States, Japan, China as well as the European Union, ASEAN members and Pacific Island nations. Progressives might have criticized these activities as lacking in values and pragmatism, but they can assist South Korea develop a more robust toolkit to deal with countries that are rogue, such as North Korea. However, GPS' emphasis on values could put Seoul in a precarious position when confronted with trade-offs between values and desires. For instance the government's sensitivity towards human rights activism and its reluctance to deport North Korean refugees who have been accused of committing crimes could lead to it prioritizing policies that appear undemocratic in the home. This is especially true when the government is faced with a situation similar to the case of Kwon Pong, a Chinese advocate who sought asylum in South Korea. South Korea's trilateral co-operation with Japan In the face of global uncertainty and a volatile global economy, trilateral cooperation between South Korea and Japan is an optimistic signpost in Northeast Asia. The three countries share common security concerns regarding the nuclear threat posed by North Korea, but they also share a strong economic interest in establishing a secure and safe supply chains and expanding trade opportunities. The three countries' resumption in their annual summit at the highest level every year is an obvious indication that they want to push for more economic integration and cooperation. However, the future of their relationship will be questioned by a variety of factors. The issue of how to handle the issue of human right violations committed by the Japanese or Korean militaries within their respective colonies is most pressing. The three leaders agreed to work together to solve these issues, and to create a joint mechanism for preventing and punishing human rights abuses. Another important challenge is how to keep in balance the three countries' competing interests in East Asia, especially when it comes to maintaining international stability and addressing China's growing influence in the region. In the past the trilateral security cooperation has frequently been stifled by disagreements over historical and territorial issues. Despite recent evidence of stability in the pragmatics however, these disputes continue to linger. The summit was briefly shadowed, for example, by North Korea's announcement it would launch a satellite at the summit, as well as Japan's decision, which was opposed by Beijing, to extend its military exercises with South Korea and the U.S. It is possible to bring back the trilateral relationship in the current situation however, it will require initiative and cooperation of President Yoon and Premier Kishida. If they fail to act accordingly, the current era of trilateral cooperation may only be a brief respite from the otherwise rocky future. In the long run, if the current trajectory continues, the three countries will end up at odds with respect to their respective security interests. In that case the only way for the trilateral relationship to endure will be if each nation is able to overcome its own domestic obstacles to peace and prosperity. South Korea's trilateral cooperation with China The 9th China-Japan Korea-China Trilateral Summit wrapped up this week and saw the leaders of South Korea, Japan and China signing a variety of tangible and significant outcomes. They include a Joint Declaration of the Summit, a Statement on Future Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response and a Joint Vision on Trilateral Intellectual Property Cooperation. These documents are noteworthy because they set high-level goals that, in some cases, may be contrary to the collaboration between Tokyo and Seoul with the United States. The objective is to develop a framework of multilateral cooperation for the benefit of all three countries. It will include projects to create low-carbon solutions, advance new technologies for the aging population and strengthen collaboration in responding to global challenges such as climate changes, epidemics, and food security. It would also focus on strengthening people-to-people exchanges and establishing a trilateral innovation cooperation center. These efforts could help to improve stability in the region. South Korea must maintain a positive relationship with China and Japan. This is especially crucial when it comes to regional issues, such as North Korean provocations, tensions in the Taiwan Strait and Sino-American rivalry. A weakening relationship with one of these countries could lead to instability in the other, which would adversely impact trilateral collaboration with both. It is vital, however, that the Korean government makes clear distinctions between bilateral and trilateral engagement with one or the other of these countries. A clear distinction can help reduce the negative impact that a strained relationship between China and Japan can affect trilateral relations. China is primarily seeking to build support in Seoul and Tokyo against protectionist policies under the upcoming U.S. administration. This is reflected in China's focus on economic cooperation. Beijing also hopes to prevent the United States' security cooperation from threatening its own trilateral economic and military relations. This is a deliberate move to counter the growing threat posed by U.S. protectionism and create an avenue to counter it with other powers.